SS-31 (elamipretide)
A small peptide that binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane and keeps the energy machinery working.
FDA accelerated approval (Forzinity) for Barth syndrome, 2025.
Used for
- Mitochondrial disease (Barth syndrome)
- Heart failure, muscle fatigue (studied)
- Healthy-aging use (off-label)
How it works
Stabilizes cardiolipin, which the electron transport chain depends on, so mitochondria make ATP with fewer free radicals.
What the research shows
- In Barth syndrome, 40 mg daily missed its goals in the 12-week crossover, but in the open-label extension the 6-minute walk improved by 96 m at 36 weeks.
- Trials in heart failure and primary mitochondrial myopathy were mostly negative on their main goals.
Dosing
Dosing isn’t listed on the public site. In the app, each published option is shown with its source (a drug label, a clinical guideline, a trial or community reports) and can be turned into a protocol you review.
Work out the units to draw for your vial →Side effects
- Injection-site reactions are very common (redness, itching, pain)
- Headache
Cautions
- Research-chemical vials have no quality control: purity, dose and sterility vary. Third-party testing helps but is no guarantee.
Storage
Unmixed powder: freezer or fridge, away from light.
Once mixed with bacteriostatic water: fridge; the common rule is to use it within 28 days.
There is no label or published stability data for this one, so treat these as habits, not limits.
Stability once mixed
The approved product (Forzinity) is thrown out 8 days after the vial is first opened, fridge or room temperature. Mixing your own has no data.
Heat, shaking, freezing a mixed vial, light and many needle punctures all speed breakdown. Toss it if it turns cloudy, grows specks or changes color.
Reference only, not medical advice. Written for this app from the cited research. Doses marked community-reported are not from trials.